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Flash smelting and converting furnaces: A 50 year retrospect. Originating during the postWorld War II energy crisis, flash smelting is a highintensity process developed to attain everincreasing throughputs and intensities. Many innovations and continuous development ensued during the next 50 years before today's stateoftheart coppermaking...
direct Outokumpu nickel flash smelting, FSF = flash smelting furnace, EF = electric furnace, ESP = electrostatic precipitator, WHB = waste heat boiler) The SO B2 B from copper and nickel production lines recovered and treated to make either liquid SO B2 B or H B2 BSO B4 B is introduced in Figure 5. The ma in reactions of sulphuric acid manu
Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from concentrate to product.
Using nickel flash smelting technology it is possible to process sulfide nickel concentrate and produce nickel matte and slag in a relatively efficient process. ... Posts Related to smelter nickel plant process flow chart » outotec direct blister copper smelter plant process ... » processing oxidised nickel .
Boliden Harjavalta comprises two plants – the smelter in Harjavalta, which produces anode copper, and the refinery in Pori, where copper anodes are refined into copper cathodes. At the Harjavalta smelter Boliden Harjavalta also carries out nickel smelting on a tolling basis.
1. In smelting choice of slag composition to give the optimum balance of basicity and fluidity is important : maximum removal of impurities. smelting can be conducted at lower melting point than metal oxide smelting. 3. Matte smelting is normally carried out in a reverbatory furnace; electric arc furnace for higher temp.
Resco Products is a leading manufacturer of refractory products to produce copper/nickel. Resco offers a wide array of products ranging from brick to castable formations capable of withstanding intense temperatures. Resco products have high oxidation resistance, chemical resistance to .
Mar 30, 2014· Nickel sulphide flash smelting. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later.
The Smelting Process: General Considerations Smelting Products: Matte, Slag and Offgas Suggested Reading References 5 Flash Smelting Outokumpu Process Outokumpu Flash Furnace Peripheral Equipment Furnace Operation Control Impurity Behavior Future Trends Summary Suggested Reading References 6 Inco Flash Smelting
Our specialists have a wide knowledge of all existing and developing pyrometallurgical nickel processing technology including: Converters; Electric furnace; Inco flash furnace; Outokumpu flash furnace – direct nickel; Reduction kilns; Smelter auxiliary plant: Acid plants; Oxygen plants; Electrostatic precipitators; Waste heat boilers
Flash smelting (Finnish: ... process was developed by Outokumpu in Finland and first applied at the Harjavalta plant in 1949 for smelting copper ore. It has also been adapted for nickel ... Marja RiekkolaVanhanen Finnish expert report on best available ... Direct Outokumpu nickel flash smelting process ...
Drying Concentrates and sand used as flux are dried to reduce the moisture content from 7 8 % to about % prior to smelting process. 5. Flash smelting (35 70 % Ni, Co and Cu) The nickel concentrates are usually smelted under oxidising conditions to remove iron sulphide and other gangue materials from the concentrate to produce a nickel matte. 6.
AbstractOxygenactivity measurements and sampling for chemical assay were carried out in a nickel flash smelting furnace and slagcleaning electric furnace during industrial operation. In the primary Direct Outokumpu Nickel (DON) smelting furnace, which produces highgrade nickel matte, the oxygen activity and chemical compositions of the slag and matte were quite uniform throughout the ...
The smelting process proposed in the Kamoa PEA is based on directtoblister flash smelting technology. Ivanhoe planning twophased development for Kamoa Currently, Outotec has flash smelting technology for copper and nickel concentrate, whereas Ausmelt's TSL method is suitable also for a variety of other feed materials, enabling the recovery of valuable metals from byproducts.
Chemically, nickel resembles iron and cobalt, as well as copper. One property of nickel is its ability to react directly with carbon monoxide to form a binary carbonyl complex which is volatile at ambient temperatures. At moderate temperature nickel is corrosionresistant against air, sea water and unoxidizing acids. Another
obviate the need for Peirce–Smith converting altogether. The direct nickel ISASMELT™ process is similar to the Direct Outokumpu Nickel (DON) process where the metal values in the smelting slag are recovered in the slag cleaning furnace. The DON process was first applied to .
and coppernickel concentrates based on flash smelting was first suggested in 1936, but actual commercial development did not proceed for more than a decade (Habashi 1998). By the early 1950's both Inco (Copper Cliff, Canada) and Outokumpu (Harjavalta, Finland) were operating industrial scale flash smelters and flash smelting
Nickel requires higher smelting temperatures (in the range of 1,350 °C [2,460 °F]) in order to produce an artificial nickeliron sulfide known as matte, which contains 25 to 45 percent nickel. In the next step, iron in the matte is converted to an oxide, which combines with a silica flux to form a slag.
smelting of coppernickel concentrates in a MVA furnace with six inline electrodes. The matte and slagtapping temperatures, slag temperatures, slag analyses, electrical data, and electrode position were measured. Radioactive tracers were introduced into the slag, and quantitative
20 years ago, in 1995, Outokumpu commenced at Harjavalta a new Nickel Flash Smelting technology based on the Direct Outotec Nickel (DON) Smelting Process. The DON process enables production of highgrade nickel matte with low Fecontent directly in the Flash Smelting Furnace (FSF) without subsequent converting. Metal values from the smelting slag are recovered in the Electric Furnace (EF) .
In 1958, Paul Queneau and John Feick, Copper Cliff PeirceSmith converter superintendent, supported by John Thompson, Inco's chemical engineer chief executive officer, explored direct nickel sulfide conversion to oxygen crude nickel in a three tonne KALling converter at DOmnaverts Steel Works (KALDO) in Sweden. The experiment was immediately successful.
The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of trace elements (Ge, Co, Se, Pb and Sn) between nickel matte and fayalite slag in the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting – process. The experiments were conducted with a method that includes equilibration and quenching of the sample, followed by an EPMAanalysis.
